Helminth is the scientific name of the parasite of earthworms. How are the eggs of the worms, was of interest to many, as they are guests in our body. Living in the human organisms, animals and plants. Most of these parasites long ago have adapted to life in the open air, on the land and the water. Their eggs are found in soil, water, and even "lurk" in the air.
Part of the information about helminthiasis
Today learned that more than 300 species of helminth, 70 of which live on the territory of our country. The world Health Organization has identified worm infections particularly important to infections. The number of infected worms can vary from 20 to 22 million people.
A helminth is considered one of the worms in 3 classes:
- Flat worms (tape) – very long, feed on the blood of the host. Are more frequent from the bovine and porcine tsepni, Echinococcus.
- Round worms (nematodes) – are of different sizes, razdelnopolie. The most common are the ascaride and ostritsy.
- Trematody – always bisexual biohelminths, in the head have the suction cup, with your help, the worm is attached to the authorities of master. Them refers to schistosomiasis, and other.
The presence of earthworms dangerous for several fundamental reasons:
- the parasites are capable of causing mechanical damage to the internal organs;
- cause alterations in the metabolism;
- the products of the vital activity of helminths poison the host agency;
- the presence of helminths may cause other diseases.
Worms lay their eggs, which enter the human body, mainly digestive medium (food or water), or when the breach of the rules of hygiene.
Description of the appearance and the structure of the most famous of helminths
| Helminths | The appearance of | The structure |
| Ostritsy | They are small round worms color white, usually, their size is not more than 1 cm | In the front part of the body ostritsy is vesicle. With your help helminth fixed on the inside of the intestine, causing mechanical damage. The other end of the worm is sharp. Hence the name pinworm. |
| Ascaride | Fairly large worm, a length of about 20 cm, and width 6 mm, the Female is much bigger male. It is red-the color white with the bending of the tail. | The body ascaride covered with a strong cuticle, which does not dissolve even to the gastric juice. At the end of the ascaride has the mouth, around the mouth three of the lips.
Immediately behind the mouth in the body ascaride is the esophagus and the intestine, formed by the straight line of the tube. Unpleasant it remains only to swallow food already prepared and learn from it. |
| Vlasoglav | A small worm. Length reaches 5 cm, and the width no thicker than a human hair, not more than 0.5 mm Has a pointed end, is inserted through the mucous membranes. | The front end of the helminths (3-5 cm) refined up to the thickness of a hair. The rear end of the thicker of the front. In it is housed the gut. The female in the part end there is uterus. |
| Toxocara | In sizes of Toxocara reaches up to 10 cm in length. The males are smaller.
|
Toxocara worm white in color. The body of his elongated, reminiscent of thin cylinder. The oral aperture has three of the lips. |
| Trichinella | Refers to the round worms of small size. At a length of no more than 5 mm. | Its main feature of the structure is a face of the digestive tract. |
| Bullish tsepen (carte blanche) | The worm of very large dimensions. It has a long body, in the form of a tape. How many meters of length reached bull tsepen?! He giants of up to 30 meters! | Scolex (head) has 4 strong points of the suction cup without hooks. Head of the had small. In the neck to grow the segments, their number is from 1 to 2 thousand. The uterus developed, full of transparent eggs. The polovozrelogo a tsepnja the segments are separated, move in with the stool or separately, are outside of the intestine. |
| Swine tsepen
(carte blanche) |
Its structure is very similar bullish tapeworm. But size several times less bull tsepnja – no more than 3-5 pm | The tapeworm is called the armed tapeworm. I was in the head in addition to the 4 suction cups, has 32 hooks. The segments tsepnja they have about 50 thousand eggs. |
| Lentets the choice of | Another long worm, its length can be more than 10 m. | The body of the worm, consists of a small flat head, no more than 5 mm Of two parts, there are long planes of the slit-cup. Of them, the worm clings to the wall of the intestine. |
| Echinococcus | Refers to the class of tape worms, helminth of small dimensions. In your head, there are hooks and suction cups. | Echinococcus consists of 3-4 segments. "He is armed" parasite suckers and hooks. Segments of the parasite are found the sexual organs, and in the third egg. They are separated from their segments, and have the ability to move independently. |
| Opisthorchiasis fine | Small worm, a size of up to 1 see In the head there is an oral sucker. | The worm has 2 suction cups that are fixed on a smooth surface. There are oral and abdominal of the suction cup. Speaking of the suction cup goes on the throat, and behind it, the esophagus and the intestine. In the final part of the parasite is the excretory system of the authority. |
Characteristics of the life cycle of the worms
The duration of the time of life, that of the worms different. For some, it may last a year or two, and other parasites more than 10-15 years. So between the worms have their long-livers. For example, ostritsy live a very short time, not more than 6 months. The fertility is fairly high. Because the eggs of the earthworms are very light, which can even be in the air that we breathe.
The eggs ascaride and whipworm enter the body through food
Ascaride and vlasoglav live more than 2 years. The first live up to 2 years, and the last in a term of 3-4 years of age. But it is not the worst figures!
And here is a record between the worms, that cause serious damage in the human body is swine tsepen. Their life expectancy reaches 20 to 30 years!
Specialists, stationed on different experiences and experiments with worms, came to the conclusion that the temperature of the habitat influences the behavior of the helminth. When you increase the temperature of the body of the patient Ascaris exits the body. Thus, while the temperature of 40°With the activity ascaride has increased several times.
Decrease of the temperature in the environment makes worms take the actions – discharge of the body.
One of the decontamination methods is the processing temperature. For example, so that the fish is dead, the parasite, simply cook for 30 minutes. The freezing at different temperatures of the modes to speed up the machining process. When the temperature of -15°C, duration of freezing 30 days. When -35°C – just 10 hours.
How much degrees, in order to to decontaminate products? The eggs Ascaris die at a temperature of 55°C. the Treatment of the toys in the water to a temperature of 70°it will take several seconds.
The separation of the eggs of the worms
Most of the parasites lay eggs, but there is between them and the vivparos helminths. Such are Trichinella.
How are the eggs of helminths can be found only with the aid of a microscope. What type of deworming "lived" in man, can be determined having examined their eggs. And the larva can be seen with the naked eye.
The female worm stays in the body up to the time of fertilization and at the time of the gestation of the seed
The amount of eggs that can differ from the female of the worm – horrified. Toxocara is able to postpone the day of 250 thousand eggs. By the way, the larvae and the eggs of the worms have long dogged the adults of the species. The females of some helminths die after they laid eggs, as is the case in worms.
The parasites of each class, in its own way, to live, reproduce, and lay eggs. For example, the biohelminth to mature the eggs and larvae in the body of the host (the cow, the cat, the dog). For example, biohelminth of swine tsepen. If the human body has fallen the larva, which grows alone in the department of small intestine. In case of infection of the eggs of tsepnja the matter is even worse. Migrate throughout the body, and can settle in any organ. The geohelminths eggs and larvae must mature outside the host agency, on the ground. The eggs ascaride develop into larvae in the small intestine. And in good condition with the blood flow of the eggs, larvae) Ascaris migrate for all organs.
| Helminths | Description of eggs | The number of masonry | The duration of maturation |
| Ostritsy | The egg ostritsy oval asymmetrical shape. The gentle wrapping, consists of several layers, colorless. In fertilized eggs already there is a larva. | At the same time the ostritsy mature more than 10-15 thousand eggs. | After laying eggs the female, larva in them develops after 6-8 hours. |
| Ascaride | The egg, not fertilized, has oval stretched form. Wrap outside dense, with small tubers. The inside of the eggs filled with yellowish cells. | All the days spend more than 250 thousand eggs. | Through 2-3 weeks, the fertilized eggs become invaders. |
| Vlasoglav | The egg of this parasite has the shape of a barrel, the envelope of its layers, and transparent. The inside of the eggs has small grains. | 3500 immature eggs per day | Should be 2 weeks for the maturation of the larvae. |
| Toxocara | The eggs with a small bumpy the envelope. | 200 thousand eggs per day. | After several days, the larvae mature into eggs. Become invaders. |
| Trichinella | The size of the larvae of 0.1 mm. | 2 months, the female gives birth to more than 2000 of the larvae. | The female Trichinella gives birth to live larvae. |
| Bullish tsepen (carte blanche) | The egg shape reminds oval bubble of gray color, it has two vegetables. | Cyst contains around 200 thousand eggs. If in the body of the cyst was not a, the number of eggs is enormous. | The finns in the muscles maintain life in a period of 3 years. |
| Lentets the choice of | The eggs are oval, covered with soft shell, yellow in color. The top of the egg, the bottom cap of the bump. | Every day people with the stool highlights several million eggs. | Through 2-3 days the eggs will form a larva. |
Housing worm out of the man
Helminths can dwell not only in human beings and the bodies of pets, as well as outside of master. For example, giardia are established the cats in the top department of the colon, and can also be detected in the fish river (the golden, the gone).
The eggs of the parasites of the earthworms are so easy that you are able to be in the air. Infected worms may be water. It is spread of the affected by the soil. Water infects dwells in the fish pond.
In plants, helminths are also. They feed only on nematodes. Infect the roots and tubers of plants, as well as the stems and leaves. The infection occurs in the digestive by – the master swallows the eggs of the worms in the food. If the products rinse with boiling water, the eggs and the larvae die.
The life cycle of helminths in the sample of the worms
In humans pinworm lives in the various departments of the intestine: the division of the small intestine, cecum, colon, and upper department of colon.
There is a invasion to the man is an egg with the nymph. Is infected with the owner by the fecal-oral route. The larva is released from the shell of the egg in the small intestine and migrates to places of location. The following is the process called moulting, after which the larva becomes a Mature adult.
Helminths — multicellular parasites
After mating the males die, disappear from the body in the stool. Meanwhile, the female by means of vesicles is fixed to the intestinal mucosa, in they mature the eggs. They are very prolific, her uterus matures over 10-15 thousand eggs. During the maturation of the eggs, the female moves towards the anal orifice. The female goes beyond the bowel the night, when the muscles of the anus relaxed. She was dragging on the skin folds external genitalia. The muscles of the vagina of the female to relax, and initiates the selection of the eggs. On the surface of the skin of the body of the master of the most favourable conditions: temperature, moisture, oxygen. How much it develops the egg?
After 6-8 hours on the inside of the egg, outside of man, form the larvae become invasive species.
Hereinafter, the female dies, dries up, forming a ball. Of their movements in the folds occurs the itching. The teacher helps detangle this area. In the hands and under the nails, appeared in the eggs of the parasite. On can have several ways of doing this:
- The sick, not respecting the rules of personal hygiene, you are infected again. Taking breakfast with dirty hands.
- The patient infected with the hands, touch household items, toys, door handles, and other, contaminating members of their family.
Remember that the master of any of the helminth is not able to multiply and to grow. The egg or larva must necessarily engage in the cycle: the master-to-ground/air-the master.